Shoulder Weakness

Shoulder weakness is caused by nerve compression or rotator cuff tears due to overuse or trauma. The right diagnosis is the key to recovery.  

Weakness in the shoulder can occur for a variety of reasons. The two most common ones are nerve compression and rotator cuff tears. Compression of nerves can occur at multiple locations, from the neck to the shoulder. When this occurs, it is important to see a physician right away since the best way to ensure recovery is a quick diagnosis. The most effective method for diagnosis is a combination of a physical exam and an MRI. 

The second most common cause of shoulder weakness is rotator cuff tears. There are four rotator cuff muscles. Their attachments to the head of the humerus (the “ball” of the shoulder joint) are called tendons. These tendons form a “cuff” over the humeral head. Acting together, they stabilize the shoulder joint, help to lift the arm, and allow the joint to rotate.  

How do rotator cuff tears occur?

While rotator cuff tears can occur from a single traumatic injury like falling, most tears occur through overuse. People who are most at risk are those who engage in repetitive overhead activities like playing baseball, weightlifting and tennis. 

Recent studies also indicate there may be a genetic component to rotator cuff tears. Family members of those with rotator cuff tears are more likely to have a tear, and those with a rotator cuff tear in one shoulder are more likely to have the other side affected as well.

Common symptoms

People with rotator cuff tears commonly complain of pain and weakness when lifting the arm. The pain often radiates to the side of the arm. Many also report difficulty sleeping and waking up from the shoulder pain. 

Despite rest and use of anti-inflammatory medicine, the symptoms continue for months without resolution.  Other conditions, such as shoulder impingement, shoulder bursitis, and shoulder tendonitis can cause similar symptoms as rotator cuff injuries. However, the main characteristic of rotator cuff tears is weakness in the shoulder. Patients with true rotator cuff tears will be much weaker doing rotating maneuvers and lifting objects away from their bodies.

Patients with more severe or persistent symptoms of shoulder weakness due to a rotator cuff tear may benefit from our minimally invasive shoulder surgical procedure. Patients are often able to go home the same day they have the procedure.